Open Acces Policy

The International Journal of Economics and Development (IJED) is committed to the principle of open access. All articles published in this journal are freely and permanently available online to all readers, without subscription fees or registration barriers.

IJED believes that open access promotes global knowledge exchange, enhances the visibility of research, and ensures that scholarly work is accessible to researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and the public worldwide — especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Key Principles:

• Free Access: Readers may read, download, copy, distribute, print, or link to the full texts of articles without asking prior permission from the publisher or authors, in accordance with the terms of the journal’s license.

• Author Rights: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication under the terms of a Creative Commons license.

• License: All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

License details: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/